An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

Optimism, pessimism and their relation to self-esteem among Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine

Article info

2018-06-03
2018-09-17
283 - 308

Keywords

  • Self-Esteem
  • Pessimism
  • Palestinian Authority Employees Referred to Retirement.
  • Optimism

Abstract

The study aims to identify the level of optimism and pessimism and the level of self-esteem, and the relationship between them, and find out their level varies according to the variables (type of job, monthly salary) of the employees of the Palestinian Authority referred to retire in Gaza Strip. To achieve such thing, the two tools of the study were applied: the measure of optimism and pessimism, and the self-assessment scale (prepared by the researchers) on a sample of (197) male and female employees whom selected by random stratified method. The researchers used the descriptive analytical approach. After analyzing the data, the study reached the following main results: -The level of optimism and pessimism was moderate and the level of self-esteem was high. There is a correlation and relationship between optimism, pessimism and self-esteem, and there were no differences in the level of optimism and pessimism attributed to the variable type of job and monthly salary. There were no differences in the level of self-esteem attributed to the variable of job type, and there are differences due to the monthly salary of Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement. The study recommended raising the level of psychological efficiency, and developing and adopting psychological and social support programs for retirees to benefit from their experiences.

Recommended Citation

Mowanes, K., & Abu Kwaik, B. (2020). Optimism, pessimism and their relation to self-esteem among Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 34(2), 283–308. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004
[1]K. Mowanes and B. Abu Kwaik, “Optimism, pessimism and their relation to self-esteem among Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine,” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 283–308, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.35552/0247-034-002-004.
Mowanes, Khaled, and Bassem Abu Kwaik. “Optimism, Pessimism and Their Relation to Self-Esteem among Palestinian Authority Employees Referred to Retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 34, no. 2, Feb. 2020, pp. 283–308. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004.
1.Mowanes K, Abu Kwaik B. Optimism, pessimism and their relation to self-esteem among Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2020 Feb;34(2):283–308. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004
Mowanes, Khaled, and Bassem Abu Kwaik. “Optimism, Pessimism and Their Relation to Self-Esteem among Palestinian Authority Employees Referred to Retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 34, no. 2 (February 2020): 283–308. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004.

التفاؤل-التشاؤم وعلاقتهما بتقدير الذات لدى موظفي السلطة الفلسطينية المحالين للتقاعد في قطاع غزة- فلسطين

معلومات المقال

2018-06-03
2018-09-17
283 - 308

الكلمات الإفتتاحية

  • Self-Esteem
  • Pessimism
  • Palestinian Authority Employees Referred to Retirement.
  • Optimism

الملخص

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إلى مستوى التفاؤل والتشاؤم ومستوى تقدير الذات، والعلاقة بينهما، ومعرفة مدى اختلاف مستواهما باختلاف متغيرات (نوع الوظيفة، الراتب الشهري) لدى موظفي السلطة الفلسطينية المحالين للتقاعد في قطاع غزة. ولتحقيق ذلك تم تطبيق أداتي الدراسة، وهما: مقياس التفاؤل والتشاؤم، ومقياس تقدير الذات ( إعداد الباحثان ) على عينة قوامها (197) موظفاً وموظفة، تم اختيارها بالطريقة العشوائية الطبقية، واستخدم الباحثان المنهج الوصفي التحليلي، وبعد تحليل البيانات توصلت الدراسة إلى أهم النتائج التالية: جاء مستوى التفاؤل والتشاؤم بدرجة متوسطة، ومستوى تقدير الذات بدرجة مرتفعة، وأن هناك علاقة بين التفاؤل والتشاؤم وتقدير الذات، وعدم وجود فروق في مستوى التفاؤل والتشاؤم تعزى لمتغير نوع الوظيفة والراتب الشهري، وعدم وجود فروق في مستوى تقدير الذات تعزى لمتغير نوع الوظيفة، ووجود فروق تعزى إلى الراتب الشهري لدى موظفي السلطة الفلسطينية المحالين للتقاعد وأوصت الدراسة برفع مستوى الكفاءة النفسية، ووضع برامج للدعم النفسي والاجتماعي للمحالين للتقاعد، والاستفادة من خبراتهم.

Recommended Citation

Mowanes, K., & Abu Kwaik, B. (2020). Optimism, pessimism and their relation to self-esteem among Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 34(2), 283–308. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004
[1]K. Mowanes and B. Abu Kwaik, “Optimism, pessimism and their relation to self-esteem among Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine,” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 34, no. 2, pp. 283–308, Feb. 2020, doi: 10.35552/0247-034-002-004.
Mowanes, Khaled, and Bassem Abu Kwaik. “Optimism, Pessimism and Their Relation to Self-Esteem among Palestinian Authority Employees Referred to Retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 34, no. 2, Feb. 2020, pp. 283–308. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004.
1.Mowanes K, Abu Kwaik B. Optimism, pessimism and their relation to self-esteem among Palestinian Authority employees referred to retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2020 Feb;34(2):283–308. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004
Mowanes, Khaled, and Bassem Abu Kwaik. “Optimism, Pessimism and Their Relation to Self-Esteem among Palestinian Authority Employees Referred to Retirement in Gaza Strip-Palestine.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 34, no. 2 (February 2020): 283–308. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247-034-002-004.

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