An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

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Abstract

The study shows that the term ?l ttašbyh bi ?lmaf9uwl is not a syntactical one but it is a descriptive explanatory term. This is shown by the usage of the early grammarians to such a concept. Also, it is verified through the writing of Siybawayh who did not record it. Instead, he came up with a group of tašbiyhat that play a descriptive role, i.e. to simplify the idea to ones’ mind. The researcher states that there has been confusion in using this term among syntax, description as well as explanation. One reason behind such confusion is the overlap between description and syntax among grammarians. The syntactical terms which are descriptive and explanatory used by Siybawayh also indicate this. Interpretation /?l t?wyl/ and supposition /?l taqdiyr/ were effective factors behind the emergence of such concept. Above all, the confined grammar rule among the grammarians of Basra was one of the most important reasons for this.

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الملخص

تُبَيِّنُ هذه الدِّرَاسَةُ أَنَّ مُصْطَلَحَ التَّشْبِيْهِ بِالمَفْعُولِ لَيْسَ مُصْطَلَحًا إِعْرَابِيًّا، وإِنَّمَا هو مُصْطلحٌ وَصْفِيٌّ تَعْلِيْلِيٌّ، وقَدْ بَانَ ذلك من خِلالِ اسْتِعْمالِ بَعْضِ النُّحَاةِ الأوَائِلِ هذا المُصْطَلَحَ، ودَلَّ عَلَى ذلك مَا وَرَدَ عِنْدَ سِيْبَوَيْه، إِذْ لَمْ يَرِدْ عِنْدَه هذا المُصْطَلَحُ، وإِنَّما جَاءَ بِمَجْمُوعَةٍ مِن التّشْبِيْهاتِ، ودورُها وَصْفِيٌّ، وهو تَقْرِيْبُ الفِكْرَةِ مِن الذّهْنِ. وبَيَّنَ البَاحِثُ أَنّ في اسْتِعْمَالِ هذا المُصْطَلَحِ خَلْطًا بينَ الإعْرَابِ والوَصْفِ والتَّعْلِيْلِ، وأَنَّ من أَسْبَابِ ذلك تَدَاخُلَ الوَصْفِ والإعْرَابِ عندَ النّحاة، ومُصْطَلَحَاتُ سِيْبَويْه الإِعْرَابِيّةُ تَدُلُّ عَلَى ذلك، فهي وَصْفِيَّةٌ تَفْسِيْرِيَّةٌ، ومن ذلك أَيْضًا التَّأويلُ والتّقْدِيْرُ، فهو مِن العَوَامِلِ المُؤَثّرَةِ في وُجُودِ هذا المُصْطَلَحِ، وكَانَ مِن أَهَمِّ هذه الأسْبَابِ قَسْرِيَّةُ القَاعِدَةِ النَّحْوِيَّةِ عِنْد البَصْرِيّيْنَ.