The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War
Authors:
Article info
2022-08-27
2023-03-31
2085 - 2116
Keywords
- Critical Discourse Analysis
- Refugees
- Classical Racism
- Russia-Ukraine War
- Discourse-Historical Approach
- Neo-Racism
Abstract
With the rise of critical theories and legal regulations that criminalize racism and accentuate tolerant and liberal values, racist discourses turned to be articulated indirectly (Essed, 1990; van Dijk & Wodak, 2000; Wodak, 2008), and a neo-racist discourse replaced classical racism to be ostensibly respectable and democratic with reference to cultural, rather than racial, difference (Barker 1981; Jayasuriya, 2002; van Dijk, 1997, 2000). However, a blatant and essentialist racist discourse has found its way back to the public sphere in light of the Russia-Ukraine war. Racist remarks have been documented in different types of texts directed to the masses. Therefore, this paper investigates the discursive strategies through which classical racism normalizes its reappearance in a supposedly liberal and democratic political environment. To achieve its objectives, the study adopts the Discourse-Historical Approach (Wodak, 2008) to analyse 18 texts of politicians and media reporters and commentators that include racist and discriminatory remarks in justifying the classification of refugees into 'like us' and 'different' categories. The study finds that the racist discourse uses special rhetoric in order to adapt to the current socio-political realities by combining classical elements of racism, including those of culture, race, and religion, with spatial proximity. The result is that the close White Christian Europeans are the only social actors who belong in the in- (superior) group.
Qawariq, R., & Estetieh, H. (2023). The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 37(11), 2085–2116. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122
[1]R. Qawariq and H. Estetieh, “The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War,” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 2085–2116, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.35552/0247.37.11.2122.
Qawariq, Rami, and Haneen Estetieh. “The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, Nov. 2023, pp. 2085–116. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122.
1.Qawariq R, Estetieh H. The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2023 Nov;37(11):2085–116. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122
Qawariq, Rami, and Haneen Estetieh. “The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 37, no. 11 (November 2023): 2085–2116. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122.
إحياء الخطاب العنصري الكلاسيكي في أوروبا: تحليل خطابي نقدي للخطابات العنصرية خلال الحرب الروسية-الأوكرانية
المؤلفون:
معلومات المقال
2022-08-27
2023-03-31
2085 - 2116
الكلمات الإفتتاحية
- Critical Discourse Analysis
- Refugees
- Classical Racism
- Russia-Ukraine War
- Discourse-Historical Approach
- Neo-Racism
الملخص
مع ظهور النظريات النقدية والتشريعات القانونية التي تجرم العنصرية وتؤكد على قيم التسامح والليبرالية, أخذت الخطابات العنصرية منحىً مبطناً, وتم استبدال الخطاب العنصري الكلاسيكي باخر جديد ليبدو في ظاهره ديمقراطيا ومتسامحا من خلال الاشارة الى الاختلافات الثقافية لا العرقية. الا ان خطابا عنصريا أصوليا واضحا قد ظهر من جديد في ظل الحرب الروسية الاوكرانية, حيث تم رصد العديد من الخطابات العنصرية التي تخاطب الجماهير. بناء على ما سبق, تتناول هذه الدراسة الاستراتيجيات الخطابية التي تم توظيفها في تبرير ظهور العنصرية الجديدة في محيط سياسي من المفترض انه ليبرالي وديمقراطي, حيث انتهجت الدراسة منهج التحليل الخطابي التاريخي لرووث وداك, وذلك من خلال تحليل نصوص سياسية واعلامية تحتوي على عبارات عنصرية صارخة تبرر تقسيم اللاجئين الى قسمين: "نحن" ضد "هم". خلصت الدراسة إلى أن هذه العنصرية تستخدم خطابا مميز اً ليتوائم والوقائع السياسية الاجتماعية الحالية من خلال جمع عناصر العنصرية الكلاسيكية من ثقافية وعرقية و دينية مع القرب المكاني، وأظهرت نتائج التحليل أن الأوروبيين المسيحيين البيض هم فقط من ينتمون الى مجموعة ال "نحن"(الأسمى).
Qawariq, R., & Estetieh, H. (2023). The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 37(11), 2085–2116. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122
[1]R. Qawariq and H. Estetieh, “The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War,” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 2085–2116, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.35552/0247.37.11.2122.
Qawariq, Rami, and Haneen Estetieh. “The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, Nov. 2023, pp. 2085–116. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122.
1.Qawariq R, Estetieh H. The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2023 Nov;37(11):2085–116. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122
Qawariq, Rami, and Haneen Estetieh. “The Revival of the Classical Racist Discourse in Europe: A Critical Discursive Analysis of Racism in the Context of Russia-Ukraine War.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 37, no. 11 (November 2023): 2085–2116. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2122.
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