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This research aims to analyze the reality of women's economic and social status in Ma'an Governorate, in the field of social characteristics, the study showed that the most important challenges facing women in the governorate of Ma'an lies in the high illiteracy rates, which reflected negatively on their participation in the labor force, and thus lower their standard of living. On the positive side, women have been able to bridge the gap in terms of higher education, women in Ma'an have made enrollment in bachelor's degree higher than the national level. With regard to economic reality, the study showed that the most important obstacles that stand in front of women lies in the high rates of unemployment, as the study showed that the unemployment rate among females in Ma'an Governorate is higher than the national level, under the current conditions of the Governorate and the absence of economic and development projects, and increase of women enrollment at higher education, the rates of female unemployment in the governorate of Ma'an expected to rise. The study recommended the need to adopt a strategy at the Governorate level to deal with the social and economic challenges and constraints facing women in the Governorate of Ma'an and in particular in reducing the problems of illiteracy and unemployment.