An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities)

Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study

Article info

2021-06-07
2023-03-21
1951 - 1976

Keywords

  • consumer protection
  • Abusive Conditions
  • Insured
  • Insurance Contract

Abstract

This research deals with the issue of legislative protection for the consumer of the insurance contract, as the insurance contract is considered a compliance contract whereby the insured imposes pre-prepared insurance contracts or documents and usually contain conditions in his favor and the insured does not have the right to discuss them, although the consumer issues an acceptance when he contracts with the obligee (the insurance company However, this acceptance is imposed on him, so he is obliged to accept even if he is not allowed to discuss the offer, whatever type of insurance contract - as long as the consumer does not have an economic position equal to that of the provider - it is a contract of compliance where there is no common contractual will, and it only expresses one will. It is the will of the insured (obligator), just as the insurance contract is considered a consumption contract, and this is something that cannot be hidden by those studying the jurisprudence of law, and that the regulation of consumption contracts is due to the reason that there are two different parties unequal in the economic and knowledge positions in the contract, One is the professional (provider), who represents the contract's strong party and is responsible for determining the contract's specifics and conditions, and the other is the client, who represents the contract's weak party who requires the service and seems to have no option but to sign, because he is bound by the contract's terms despite his weak position. And, in order to ensure the protection of the consumer as the weak party, the legislator has adopted legislative rules to find a balance between the two parties to the contract, and to achieve de facto equality between them in terms of the rights and obligations that fall on each of them or in terms of the contract's content and conditions. The insurance contract, on the other hand, includes two types of conditions: standard conditions, which are usually fair, and abusive conditions, which are primarily responsible for the effect of the contractual relationship's imbalance. The researchers discussed the issue of legislative protection for the insured from abusive conditions as well as the protection rules provided by the legislator to ensure the effectiveness of insurance contracts. The study found that both the Consumer Protection Law and the Insurance Law provide two forms of protections imposed by legislators. These legislations came to regulate the relationship between the insured in his capacity as the better positioned party and the insured in his capacity as weak party of the contract by reconciling their interests and laying down juridical legal rules to prevent the insured from injustice and exploitation for him.

Recommended Citation

Daoud, A., & Qanadilo, N. (2023). Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 37(11), 1951–1976. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113
[1]A. Daoud and N. Qanadilo, “Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study,” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1951–1976, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.35552/0247.37.11.2113.
Daoud, Akram, and Nour Qanadilo. “Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, Nov. 2023, pp. 1951–76. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113.
1.Daoud A, Qanadilo N. Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2023 Nov;37(11):1951–76. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113
Daoud, Akram, and Nour Qanadilo. “Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 37, no. 11 (November 2023): 1951–76. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113.

الحماية التشريعية للمؤمن له كمستهلك من الشروط التعسفية في عقد التأمين- دراسة مقارنة

معلومات المقال

2021-06-07
2023-03-21
1951 - 1976

الكلمات الإفتتاحية

  • consumer protection
  • Abusive Conditions
  • Insured
  • Insurance Contract

الملخص

تناول هذا البحث موضوع الحماية التشريعية لمستهلك عقد التأمين، اذ يعتبر عقد التأمين من عقود الإذعان (غالبا)، حيث يفرض المؤمن عقود أو وثائق تأمين معدة سلفا وعادة ما تحتوي على شروط لصالحه ولا يملك المؤمن له مناقشتها، ورغم أن المستهلك يصدر قبولاً عندما يتعاقد مع المزود (شركة التأمين أو المؤمن) إلا ان هذا القبول مفروض عليه فهو مضطر إلى القبول حتى لو لم يُسمح له بمناقشته، فأيً كان نوع عقد التأمين-طالما أن المستهلك لا يملك مركز اقتصادي مساوٍ لمركز المزود- فهو من عقود الإذعان، حيث لا تتوفر فيه الإرادة العقدية المشتركة فهو لا يُعبر إلا عن إرادة واحدة؛ وهي إرادة المؤمن، كما يعتبر عقد التأمين من عقود الاستهلاك وهذا مما لا يخفى على دارسي فقه القانون، وأن تنظيم عقود الاستهلاك يرجع لسبب وجود طرفين مختلفين في المراكز الاقتصادية والمعرفية في العقد، أحدهما المزود وهو الذي يمثل الطرف القوي في العقد والذي ينفرد بوضع تفاصيل العقد وشروطه، والثاني هو المستهلك الذي يمثل الطرف الضعيف في العقد والذي يحتاج للخدمة وليس أمامه للتعاقد إلا خيار التوقيع فيخضع لهذا العقد وشروطه رغم ما يعتري مركزه من ضعف، وبسبب اتساع التفاوت الاقتصادي والتقني وحتى القانوني بين الطرفين لصالح المؤمن ولضمان حماية المستهلك بوصفه الطرف الضعيف فقد وضع المشرع قواعد قانونية لإيجاد توازن بين طرفي العقد، وتحقيق مساواة فعلية بينهما من حيث الحقوق والالتزامات التي تقع على كل طرف من اطراف العملية التعاقدية أو من حيث مضمون العقد وشروطه. ولما كان عقد التأمين يتضمن على نوعين من الشروط؛ إحداها الشروط النموذجية والتي عادة ما تكون عادلة أما الأخرى فهي الشروط التعسفية والتي يرجع إِليها بشكل كبير أثر الاختلال في التوازن بين أطراف العلاقة التعاقدية، ولأن المؤمن له لا يستطيع التفريق بينها على الاغلب فقد أوجد المشرع نظام أو وسائل لمواجهتها أو استبعادها لإعادة التوازن العقدي، وسيحاول الباحثان التطرق لموضوع الحماية التشريعية للمؤمن له من الشروط التعسفية ودراسة قواعد الحماية التي يوفرها المشرع لضمان فعالية عقود التأمين. وقد توصل البحث إلى وجود نوعين من الحماية تم وضعها من قبل المشرع في كل من قانون حماية المستهلك وقانون التأمين بحيث جاءت هذه التشريعات لتنظم العلاقة بين المؤمن بصفته قوي والمؤمن له بصفته ضعيف من خلال التوفيق بين مصالحهما ووضع قواعد قانونية آمرة لمنع المؤمن من ظلم واستغلال المؤمن له.

Recommended Citation

Daoud, A., & Qanadilo, N. (2023). Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), 37(11), 1951–1976. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113
[1]A. Daoud and N. Qanadilo, “Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study,” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, pp. 1951–1976, Nov. 2023, doi: 10.35552/0247.37.11.2113.
Daoud, Akram, and Nour Qanadilo. “Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities), vol. 37, no. 11, Nov. 2023, pp. 1951–76. Crossref, https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113.
1.Daoud A, Qanadilo N. Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study. An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) [Internet]. 2023 Nov;37(11):1951–76. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113
Daoud, Akram, and Nour Qanadilo. “Legislative Protection for The Insured as A Consumer from Abusive Conditions in the Insurance Contract - A Comparative Study.” An-Najah University Journal for Research - B (Humanities) 37, no. 11 (November 2023): 1951–76. https://doi.org/10.35552/0247.37.11.2113.

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